The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.